Sampling With or Without Replacement

Statistical sampling can be done in a number of different ways. In addition to the type of sampling method that we use, there is another question relating to what specifically happens to an individual that we have randomly selected.   This question that arises when sampling is, After we select an individual and record the measurement of attribute were studying, what do we do with the individual? There are two options: We can replace the individual back into the pool that we are sampling from.We can choose to not replace the individual.   We can very easily see that these lead to two different situations.    In the first option, replacement leaves open the possibility that the individual is randomly chosen a second time.   For the second option, if we are working without replacement, then it is impossible to pick the same person twice.   We will see that this difference will affect the calculation of probabilities related to these samples. Effect on Probabilities To see how we handle replacement affects the calculation of probabilities, consider the following example question. What is the probability of drawing two aces from a standard deck of cards? This question is ambiguous.   What happens once we draw the first card?   Do we put it back into the deck, or do we leave it out?   We start with calculating the probability with replacement.   There are four aces and 52 cards total, so the probability of drawing one ace is 4/52. If we replace this card and draw again, then the probability is again 4/52. These events are independent, so we multiply the probabilities (4/52) x (4/52) 1/169, or approximately 0.592%. Now we will compare this to the same situation, with the exception that we do not replace the cards.   The probability of drawing an ace on the first draw is still 4/52. For the second card, we assume that an ace has been already drawn.   We must now calculate a conditional probability.   In other words, we need to know what the probability of drawing a second ace, given that the first card is also an ace. There are now three aces remaining out of a total of 51 cards. So the conditional probability of a second ace after drawing an ace is 3/51.   The probability of drawing two aces without replacement is (4/52) x (3/51) 1/221, or about 0.425%. We see directly from the problem above that what we choose to do with replacement has bearing on the values of probabilities.   It can significantly change these values. Population Sizes There are some situations where sampling with or without replacement does not substantially change any probabilities.   Suppose that we are randomly choosing two people from a city with a population of 50,000, of which 30,000 of these people are female. If we sample with replacement, then the probability of choosing a female on the first selection is given by 30000/50000 60%.   The probability of a female on the second selection is still 60%.   The probability of both people being female is 0.6 x 0.6 0.36. If we sample without replacement then the first probability is unaffected.   The second probability is now 29999/49999 0.5999919998..., which is extremely close to 60%.   The probability that both are female is 0.6 x 0.5999919998 0.359995. The probabilities are technically different, however, they are close enough to be nearly indistinguishable.   For this reason, many times even though we sample without replacement, we treat the selection of each individual as if they are independent of the other individuals in the sample. Other Applications There are other instances where we need to consider whether to sample with or without replacement. On example of this is bootstrapping. This statistical technique falls under the heading of a resampling technique. In bootstrapping we start with a statistical sample of a population. We then use computer software to compute bootstrap samples. In other words, the computer resamples with replacement from the initial sample.

Computer Assisted Learning - 1845 Words

Computer Assisted Learning Abstract Computer assisted learning (CAL), once a novel concept, is a staple in numerous classrooms across the country, from the primary education to the university level. Computer assisted learning offers both students and teachers a daunting and near-limitless education supplement. However, this paper will examine examples where computer assisted learning is more or less effective and why. It will be revealed that computer assisted learning programs that are most effective are the ones which place precedence on interactivity. A particularly successful program, the Interaction Multimedia Computer Assisted Instruction Theory, will be examined carefully in regards to the strategy and concepts used in order to make such a learning program as successful as possible. Introduction Educators and pedagogues have known for years the wealth of benefits that computer assisted learning can offer the student. Certain educational software programs equal a dissemination of difficult concepts and/or an illumination of intricate ideas. For example, instead of trying to rely on diagrams to showcase a complex process such as the double blood supply to the liver, a three dimensional digital displays can truly shed light on such matters (Azer, 2008). However, computer assisted learning is not the end all or be-all of education and should not be treated as an easy answer for improving education in schools. In fact, the study, An Evaluation of the EffectivenessShow MoreRelatedComputer Assisted Language Learning1101 Words   |  5 PagesComputer network technology has long been considered a tool for language learning within and outside the classroom. The advantages presented by computer technology are very beneficial. Computer Assisted Language Learning tools provide a wide ra nge of materials and opportunities for communication. 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A numerous amount of current research examines CALL and its impact on non-native English speakers learning English as a foreign language. However, this study will focus on expanding the research further through the examination of three different foreign languages, ranked from easiest to hardest, that will be studied byRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Education985 Words   |  4 Pageslanguage acquisition, support learning, and it is a great way to access to information. In fact, nowadays students depend on their machine such as computers, laptops, mobile phone to study in the classroom or outside the class. In addition, they use the internet to communicate with teachers and to help them do research for information they need to do homework. Although, technology is a substantial part of teaching and languages learning, in some aspect of languages learning may not have any favorableRead MoreEssay Computer-supported Collaborative Learning1101 Words   |  5 PagesBishop state â€Å"Most learning takes place in communities.† (2005). This could be informal communities, such as a conversation at a workplace, or it could be a more formal setting such as a distance education course. Regardless of the level of formality, humans learn from one another through communication in some fashion. The issue for educators, then is how best to channel this natural tendency for learning, and how to best utilize technology in the process. Therefore, computer-supported collaborativeRead MoreComputer Assisted Instruction ( Cai )1295 Words   |  6 PagesComputer Assisted Instruction (CAI): A New Approach In The Field Of Education Asst.Prof. Ambily Merlin Kuruvilla Assistant Professor Head of the Department –B.C.A. Saintgits College of Applied Sciences. Abstract The growth in information technology (IT) rapidly changed the world. The growth of e-Learning technologies implies the fact that the future education system will largely depend upon the electronic devices and computer aided technologies. Computer aided teaching techniques are much moreRead MoreAir Force Training Program1322 Words   |  6 Pagesthe same video-taped lecture and then guided by computer-assisted instruction in place of the programmed text, was proposed. It is the goal of the institute to analyze and compare the efficiencies of both the methods and then to determine the most efficient method of training. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the method that had better pace and consistency of completion. From the analysis, it was concluded that the computer-assisted method enabled more students to complete the course

A Report That Analysis Integrated Practices - 1299 Words

The increased level of competition in the market also increasing the demand of the quality and quantity of the company’s product. The incorporation of management theories along with the principles of integrated practices gives better results when it comes to firm productivity as well as performance. It is the duty of the human resource department that they hire the most skilled people in the industry who can bring the company in the competition. The process of strengthening the good and understanding relationship between the employer and their members of staff is the main goal of any company. Management theories are known for their ability to achieve all these while at the same time ensuring that firms remain in competition. The progress†¦show more content†¦And it produces revenue of more than $600. Other than that, it employs 2000 scientists and technicians. The company produces over 210 generic drugs in 4000 dosages and fill over 89 million prescriptions a year. It s products can be found in every healthcare centers or pharmacies in Canada. It distributes drugs for number of diseases that include cancer, high cholesterol, infections, diabetes and bold pressure. People choose this company as their favorite choice because it is 45% more cheaper than any other drug company. (1cite The company export its drugs to 115 different countries around the world. This increase the sale of the company. It also manufactures fine chemicals, non-prescription, and disposable plastic for medical use. Research includes the development of both generic and innovative drugs. The huge spending on research that is over $115 million that makes it on top 20 companies in Canada. Apotex has spent over 36 years in the market. It has strong relationship with agencies that helps to develop strategies in the market. Apotex get success not only with its broad product portfolio but also by accepting the challenges of developing APIs and formulations, and patent challenges. This company has a wealth of resources that allow it to enjoy the most effective form of supply management. The monetary resource is used to produce and the enhance the good quality of the drugs. Apotex has population from different cultures which offersShow MoreRelatedEvaluating The Quality Improvement Initiative And Fin ancial Implications904 Words   |  4 Pagesquality improvement issue for ongoing monitoring. Also, there will be an explanation of how the organization can create an integrated view of performance that links finance and quality. Methods for Evaluating To improve the quality, safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of patient care, applying research and evidence-based practice is necessary. 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A Student Of Oak Valley Middle School Essay Example For Students

A Student Of Oak Valley Middle School Essay As a former student of Oak Valley Middle School for all three years, I am proud to say that I still hold my Oak Valley Pride. From the beginning of the 6th grade all the way to the end of 8th grade, I remember almost every single teacher I had and the impact they had on me. With being a member of the Track and Field team for all three years, I clearly remember Mr. Howe, Mr. Haren, Mr. Shindorf, and Mrs. Jarvis. Each of these adults pushed me to do my best both in school and in sports. I even have Mr. Howe as my AP Government teacher this senior year. It was because of Mr. Shindorf praising my basketball skills in gym class in eighth grade that pushed me to join the girl’s freshman basketball team in high school. Mr. Haren was also my physical education teacher and taught me to love both working out and eating healthy. Together, all of these athletic coaches made me into the athlete and overall person I am today. Outside of athletics, I remember Mrs. Edsall, who planted the seed that grew into my love for literature today, Mrs. Lukes, who helped me excel in math to become the AP Calculus student I am today, and Mrs. Marshall, the wonderful woman who pushed me to excel in NJHS and has been behind my inspiration of community service and overall positivity in life. Without these teacher, I would not have had the unforgettable experiences that made my middle school life so amazing nor the incredible knowledge each of them placed inside my young mind. As a current student of Lakeland High School, I am a four year Track and Field athlete as well as a member of the National Honor Society, which came from my strong passion of Oak Valley’s NJHS program. Through NHS, I have had many more opportunities to reach out and help my community, whi. . o these individuals and to help those who were pushed down. I still remember the school dance where a girl was getting bullied for coming to the dance in a dress, while everyone else wore their average clothes. I felt terrible for this poor girl and I knew that no one else was going to step up. I not only told an adult of what was going on, but I also went out of my way to comfort her and make her time at the dance something to remember in a positive way. Having this feeling of helping someone else helped spark my innovation to help others in my community to this very day. I can’t even imagine what it would have been to be at a different middle school, but I’m glad I never found out. I knew from day one that Oak Valley is where I belonged, where I learned to believe, and where I became the person I am today. Thank you, Oak Valley, for making me the person I am today.

Globalizing Human Resource Management

Question: Discuss about the Globalizing Human Resource Management. Answer: Introduction The operation of every industry is evolving and so the way of managing the employees (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). The organizations are coming out of the traditional way of human resource management and applying modern ways of the same (Fee 2014). New ways of managing the employees will help in enhancing the performance of the employees and eventually will enhance the business of the organization (Sparrow, Brewster and Chung 2016). The human resource department is mainly responsible for recruiting new employees and managing the employees (Purce 2014). However, if the employees will be able to appoint their own leader, it might help in better performance of the employees. The process might have been tiring in the initial phase but if the human resource department look after the process and will properly see that there is no biasness in the strategy, it will be helpful for the organization in the long run (Renwick, Redman and Maguire 2013). The report will be divided into three parts. The implication of the employees, human resource department and the leaders will be evaluated. The implication of the employees once they will be able to elect the leaders will be assessed first. The implication of the human source department for the similar strategy will be studied. Finally, the implications of the leaders regarding the strategy will be examined in the report. The implication from three different departments will help in understanding the effect of the new strategy on the organization. Implication for the employees When the employees will be able to select their leader, the first good effect that will happen in the organization is that they will be happy with the leader (Jackson, Schuler and Jiang 2014). They would be comfortable with the leadership style and will respect the leader (Budhwar and Debrah 2013). As the employees who are electing the leader, hence chances of complaints will also be lesser. They will be satisfied with their choice and eventually the employee engagement will rise (Alfes et al. 2013). The team will not be affected by any politics. On contrary to other situations, where the employees are already in a lookout to get the most for the leader, in this situation, it will be different (Mitchell, Obeidat and Bray 2013). There will be no dirty competition between the employees and they will be helpful towards each other. When the employees will have their voice in the decisions that are being taken, chances of collision will be less (Riley 2014). They will listen to the leader and hence, the work will be carried out in a smooth manner. Chances of employee turnover will also decrease (Marler and Fisher 2013). Once the employees will be happy working with a leader of their choice, they will be happy and hence, they will develop a long-term relationship with the company (Boella and Goss-Turner 2013). It will helpful for the leader to manage the employees. In some cases, it have been seen that leaders are unaware of the capabilities of the employees. They ask the employees to so certain task but it might happen that the employees might not be able to perform the task. Once the employees will elect the leader, the person who will be the leader will have an idea about the capabilities of the employees (Carmeli, Gelbard and Reiter?Palmon 2013). The employees and leaders will have good relationship with each other. The leaders will be able to assign the task properly and the employees will be satisfied with the job role and will be able to perform in a better manner (Cristiani and Peir 2015). SumAll is one such organization that specializes in analyzing data. SumAll first came up with the idea of letting the employees elect the leaders (Atkinson 2015). The organization was able to witness good results from the new policy but some of the shortcomings were faced by the organization. At times, the employees were not able to elect proper leaders (Thomas and Lazarova 2013). The problems were rectified in the nets election but organization had to suffer from a temporary shortage of productivity. However, along with the shortcomings, there had been certain advantages. The best advantage is the learning process (Bartram and Dowling 2013). The leaders who were unable to manage the employees came to know about the areas that they lack knowledge and they learn the way to develop their skills. A person who has not been in the role of the leader will be able to play the role of the leader once elected. Thus, the employees will be able to develop their leadership skills. In addition to this, the employees will be able to brush up their decision-making skills while electing the leader for the group (Fee 2014). The employees were benefitted by the idea, as they were ready to test themselves in various situations. Earlier it was thought that for every election, one employee will step up for the role of the leader and other employees will not step back. However, employees were ready to take the position of the leader and hence the voting was tough. However, SumAll does not suffer any issues where there will be campaigns or advertisement for the voting process. HRM implications While recruiting the employees in an organization, the human resource department can take the help of external and internal recruitment (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). The human resource department might have to change the recruitment style from external recruitment to internal recruitment (Sparrow, Brewster and Chung 2016). Every time there would have been needed a new employee in the senior position or in the position of the leader of a team, they have look for employees outside the organization. By letting the employees choose their own leader, there would be an increase in internal recruitment (Purce 2014). It can be said that the work for the Human Resource Department will be reduced as far as the recruitment is concerned. They would not have to look after the recruitment process, but they have to look into the matter that the voting process is done in a proper manner. Along with the senior management, they will have to decide the members in a team in such a manner so that the tale nts in the divided in a proper manner (Renwick, Redman and Maguire 2013). The amount of training process from the part of the human resource department will increase after the implement of the new process (Jackson, Schuler and Jiang 2014). The human resource department will have to enhance their training process accordingly. The human resource department will have to assess the talents of the employees once an individual will be elected in the role of the leader (Budhwar and Debrah 2013). The human resource department evaluate whether the person is able to carry out the role of the leader and enhance the training process based on the evaluation (Alfes et al. 2013). If an employee is not able to carry out the job of the leader well, the human resource department should look into the matter whether there is any need of training for the employee who is assessing the role of the leader (Mitchell, Obeidat and Bray 2013). The human resource management of the organization who is letting the employees choose the leader, they can take the help of the zinger model. The zinger model aims at enhancing the employee engagement. The model points out the factors that are necessary to keep the employees engaged in works. Once the employees will be able to appoint the leader in an organization, they will be happy and will work for the enhancement of the business. Thus, the zinger model will be helpful for the human resource department to understand the importance of the strategy and the way to handle the employees so that the new strategy helps in the enhancement of the business. The human resource department should consider the new strategy that is the employee electing the leader as the craft strategy and they will aim at achieving the end results (Riley 2014). The central part of the model is CARE. As the employees will elect the leader, both the employees as well as the employees will be able to connect with each other. the human resource department will be responsible to see that the strategy authentic, it might not happen that the employees are selecting someone, and some other person is becoming the leader. The employees will get the sense of recognition once they will be able to appoint their leader. They will feel that there is some importance of their decision; they will take the proper decision in future. Thus, the human resource department should look into the fact all the employees are able to cast their vote for electing the leader. The human resource department will be able to perform well once the employees will be engaged in their work. The role of the human resource department is to assess the factors of the model and see that it is being followed properly in the organization while the new strategy is being implemented (Marler and Fisher 2013). The Human Resource Department should follow esteem organization to see that the rights of the employees are followed ethically in the organization. The human resource department should look into the fact the employees are following a diverse community while electing the leader. The employee should elect the leader based in capability, not based on ethnicity of the leader (Boella and Goss-Turner 2013). The Human Resource Department should look into the fact that the strategy is helping the organization to serve the customers well. If electing the leaders by the employees is not helping in enhancement of the business, the strategy should be changed accordingly (Carmeli, Gelbard and Reiter?Palmon 2013). On the other hand, the employees should be able to develop their career. Th e employees should learn the decision-making skill and the employees who will be elected as leader should be able to learn the leadership skills. Once the employees will be enthusiastic and full of energy, it will help in proper management in the organization. Thus, the strategy should help the employees to stay focused in the work. The strategy should contribute to the well being of the employees. The Human Resource Department should see whether the employees are happy with the strategy and handle the situations accordingly. Implications for leaders and managers Once the employees will elect the leaders or the managers, they will be able to understand the meaning of the responsibility (Cristiani and Peir 2015). When an organization is appointing a new employees, it is the decision of the senior management. However, when the employees will unanimously decide their leader, the responsibility doubles. The leader who has been elected by the employees should be able to live up to the expectation of the employees (Thomas and Lazarova 2013). They should perform in a better manner. In addition to this, they should be able to build a good relationship with the employees. The responsibility to take care of the employees doubles when the employees elect the person (Bartram and Dowling 2013). The leader or the manager who has been elected by the employees should follow transformational leadership style (Fee 2014). By being transformational leader, the individual should look after the development of the employees professionally and personally (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). As the employees have trusted the leader and appointed the person, the leader should keep the trust of the employees (Sparrow, Brewster and Chung 2016). The employees should be able to acquire new skills while working in the organization rather than just working for the company (Purce 2014). They should learn new things that they could apply in future or help them to develop their career in the same company or any other organization where they are working (Renwick, Redman and Maguire 2013). Conclusion After going through the situation, it can be said that the employees will be happy and satisfied once they will be able to elect their own leaders. There will be no dirty politics in the organization with the help of the strategy and level of employee engagement will rise accordingly. The employees will feel good, as they will be able to voice their concern in the organization. They will work hard as their decision will be recognized. SumAll is one such organization that was first developed the idea of employees elect the leaders. The organization was able to face good results, as the employees were content with the idea. However, the organization faced with shortcomings as all the employees were not for the roles. The employees were able to learn the required skills for the respective roles. The zinger model is best for the HR department to handle the situation where the employees will choose the leaders. When on one hand, the HR department will not have to spend time over recruitme nt, on the other hand, they have to spend considerable amount of time to see that the new strategy being followed properly in the organization. The individuals who will be appointed as leaders might or might not be able to essay the role properly. The HR department will be responsible to give proper training to the employees who are lacking the quality. Once the employees will elect the leaders, the leaders should become more responsible. The leaders should start following transformational leadership style. They should think about the professional and personal development of the employees along with the development of the organization. References Alfes, K., Shantz, A.D., Truss, C. and Soane, E.C., 2013. The link between perceived human resource management practices, engagement and employee behaviour: a moderated mediation model.The international journal of human resource management,24(2), pp.330-351. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Atkinson, D. 2015.Executives And Managers Should All BeElected. [online] TechCrunch. Available at: https://techcrunch.com/2015/07/21/executives-and-managers-should-all-be-elected/ [Accessed 30 Jan. 2017]. Bartram, T. and Dowling, P.J., 2013. An international perspective on human resource management and performance in the health care sector: toward a research agenda. Boella, M. and Goss-Turner, S., 2013.Human resource management in the hospitality industry: A guide to best practice. Routledge. Budhwar, P.S. and Debrah, Y.A. eds., 2013.Human resource management in developing countries. Routledge. Carmeli, A., Gelbard, R. and Reiter?Palmon, R., 2013. Leadership, creative problem?solving capacity, and creative performance: The importance of knowledge sharing.Human Resource Management,52(1), pp.95-121. Cristiani, A. and Peir, J.M., 2015. Human resource function strategic role and trade unions: exploring their impact on human resource management practices in Uruguayan firms.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,26(3), pp.381-400. Fee, M.C., 2014. Human resources management. Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S. and Jiang, K., 2014. An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.The Academy of Management Annals,8(1), pp.1-56. Marler, J.H. and Fisher, S.L., 2013. An evidence-based review of e-HRM and strategic human resource management.Human Resource Management Review,23(1), pp.18-36. Mitchell, R., Obeidat, S. and Bray, M., 2013. The Effect of Strategic Human Resource Management on Organizational Performance: The Mediating Role of High?Performan Purce, J., 2014. The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals),67. Renwick, D.W., Redman, T. and Maguire, S., 2013. Green human resource management: A review and research agenda.International Journal of Management Reviews,15(1), pp.1-14. Riley, M., 2014.Human resource management in the hospitality and tourism industry. Routledge. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C. and Chung, C., 2016.Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Thomas, D.C. and Lazarova, M.B., 2013.Essentials of international human resource management: Managing people globally. SAGE Publications. Zinger, D. 2010.Zinger Model. [online] David Zinger - Employee Engagement Speaker. Available at: https://www.davidzinger.com/zinger-model/ [Accessed 30 Jan. 2017].

How to Write an Essay - Why Do Students Not Understand That They Are Writing An Informative Essay?

How to Write an Essay - Why Do Students Not Understand That They Are Writing An Informative Essay?Sample essays are often thought of as an essential component of a successful student's test-taking. There is no doubt that being able to write an essay with confidence and knowledge is a key component of being successful. This is why most students spend many hours practicing writing essays on their own before they hand them in to be graded.What most students do not realize is that they are not learning how to write an essay, but rather they are merely memorizing the basics of the form. By using a sample essay as your guide, you can write a more informative essay with confidence. If you use a sample essay as your outline, you will be better prepared to write a well-researched essay.You will also need to consider the topic of the essay before you begin to write it. You need to know what the main point of the essay is going to be before you start to write. When you know what your essay is g oing to cover, you will have a better idea of what you should expect to see in your essay.One of the biggest mistakes that students make is thinking that the topic of the essay is all that matters, when in fact the main points of the essay are actually secondary. The essay needs to have a clearly defined focus in order to be more informative. Your aim should be to inform your readers of the main points of the essay in a simple manner. In this way, you will not need to spend as much time explaining the main points of the essay, instead you will be able to spend more time on other aspects of the essay.Another thing that you need to know about the topic of the essay is whether or not your main points are based on factual information. If your essay is based on pure opinion, then it is not really informative. In addition, if your essay is not able to explain a certain fact, then it is going to be inaccurate and not very informative.You should know how to differentiate between factual and interesting facts. It is important that you know the difference between facts and opinions. You do not want to end up writing an essay that is based purely on opinions; this is not very informative at all.You will need to try and convince your readers that your opinions are factual. This means that you need to be able to provide enough information for your readers to easily verify the facts that you are stating. It is much easier to present information to people in a factual manner.Informative essays are great because they allow you to learn different aspects of the topic of the essay. If you write your essay with confidence, then you will be able to write more informative essays in the future. This is an important skill that will allow you to improve your academic ability.

Computer, Internet, Privacy INTERNET REGULATION POLICING CYBERSPACE T

Computer, Internet, Privacy INTERNET REGULATION: POLICING CYBERSPACE The Internet is a method of communication and a source of information that is becoming more popular among those who are interested in, and have the time to surf the information superhighway. The problem with this much information being accessible to this many people is that some of it is deemed inappropriate for minors. The government wants censorship, but a segment of the population does not. Legislative regulation of the Internet would be an appropriate function of the government. The Communications Decency Act is an amendment which prevents the information superhighway from becoming a computer "red light district." On June 14, 1995, by a vote of 84-16, the United States Senate passed the amendment. It is now being brought through the House of Representatives.1 The Internet is owned and operated by the government, which gives them the obligation to restrict the materials available through it. Though it appears to have sprung up overnight, the inspiration of free-spirited hackers, it in fact was born in Defense Department Cold War projects of the 1950s.2 The United States Government owns the Internet and has the responsibility to determine who uses it and how it is used. The government must control what information is accessible from its agencies. This material is not lawfully available through the mail or over the telephone, there is no valid reason these perverts should be allowed unimpeded on the Internet. Since our initiative, the industry has commendably advanced some blocking devices, but they are not a substitute for well-reasoned law.4 Because the Internet has become one of the biggest sources of information in this world, legislative safeguards are imperative. The government gives citizens the privilege of using the Internet, but it has never given them the right to use it. They seem to rationalize that the framers of the constitution planned Taxpayer's dollars are being spent bring ing obscene text and graphics into the homes of people all over the world. The government must take control to prevent pornographers from using the Internet however they see fit because they are breaking laws that have existed for years. Cyberpunks, those most popularly associated with the Internet, are members of a rebellious society that are polluting these networks with information containing pornography, racism, and other forms of explicit information. When they start rooting around for a crime, new cybercops are entering a pretty unfriendly environment. Cyberspace, especially the Internet, is full of those who embrace a frontier culture that is hostile to authority and fearful that any intrusions of police or government will destroy their self-regulating world.5 The self-regulating environment desired by the cyberpunks is an opportunity to do whatever they want. The Communications Decency Act is an attempt on part of the government to control their "free attitude" displayed in homepages such as "Sex, Adult Pictures, X-Rated Porn", "Hot Sleazy Pictures (Cum again + again)" and "sex, sex, sex. heck, it's better even better than real sex"6. "What we are doing is simply making the same laws, held constitutional time and time again by the courts with regard to obscenity and indecency through the mail and telephones, applicable to the Internet."7 To keep these kinds of pictures off home computers, the government must control information on the Internet, just as it controls obscenity through the mail or on the phone. Legislative regulations must be made to control information on the Internet because the displaying or distribution of obscene material is illegal. The courts have generally held that obscenity is illegal under all circumstances for all ages, while "indecency" is generally allowable to adults, but that laws protecting children from this "lesser" form are acceptable. It's called protecting those among us who are children from the vagrancies of adult s.8 The constitution of the United States has set regulations to determine what is categorized as obscenity and what is not. In Miller vs. California, 413 U.S. at 24-25,