HEHA Strategy for Obesity

HEHA Strategy for Obesity Strategy for Obesity As health indicators have been better in New Zealand, the development of well being has not been consistently everywhere. Obesity is one of the most common public health problems all over the world that is increasing. It also has related some problems which include  heart disease,  stroke, type II  diabetesand certain  cancers. One of the countries is New Zealand, the number of obesity and overweight has been increasing ever since the 80s, most of them are aged 15 years and above (31%) and about one out of nine children aged 2 to 14 (11%), New Zealand Health survey (2012/13). This essay will talk about the HEHA Strategy on obesity; techniques, procedure and its programs. Obesity is a disease of having too much body fat. It is not similar as being overweight, which means weighing too much, (Wikipedia). The response of New Zealand commenced on 2003 to obesity is theâ€Å"Healthy Eating-Healthy Action- Oranga Kai Oranga Pumau (HEHA) Strategy†with the a vision of an environment and society where individuals, families or whÄ nau, and communities are supported to eat healthy, live physically active, and to attain as well as to maintain a healthy body† in simpler terms it concentrate on the growing problems such as poor eating lifestyle, lack of exercise, and obesity. The Health department has specially made a group of researchers to evaluate this said Strategy for the reason that the HEHA Strategy explicitly identifies the significance of the evaluation. The Strategy is lively and it may be influenced by altering political and communal contexts. The complication of the environment, the program and the problem is reflected in the complexity of the assessment. The Strategys structure also recognises the importance of reducing the inequalities in health and it involves the treaty which the Crown and MÄ ori signed in 1840 which is considered to be New Zealands founding document, the â€Å"Treaty of Waitangi†. The viewpoint of this treaty is about partnership, participation and protection which is enshrined so much in the health legislation of New Zealand. Particular challenges have an effect on the assessment of the HEHA Strategy and other similar strategies. It is also a complicated intervention that is stirring in a complex condition and that encloses many not related aspects possibly to influence nutrition and physical activity. Moreover, this strategy’s aim of improving health, increasing physical activity and reducing obesity are long term goals and it may not be accomplished within the estimated time. The extent of nutritional behaviour is to be aware of the achievement of this said Strategy. The result that may be related to the HEHA strategy will be commencing, which is a Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NPAS). It is of course a survey and its plan is a continuing quarterly survey that set up four panels of respondents, each of them will be interviewed annually in three years. All of the chosen country representatives exist to have datasets which comprise info on nutrition, physical activity patterns and body size. It will later be analysed and used to make criterion to be compared to the estimates of the NPAS. A number of six thousand four hundred people which are all fifteen years old and above will be recruited to take part in the said activity. The partakers will be recruited from over six hundred random mesh blocks. Maori, Pacific Islander plus a list of deprivation have been sampled to help the estimates of the groups to be calculated. The trial reviews have looked at the past model for Ministry of Health nationwide surveys using the same group sampling met hods. This involves the certainty of a selected populace level rate that can be estimated by how old they are and where they came from, to make it possible into a precision of the estimates for observing the people changes in nourishment, the annual Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) survey will also be used for three years. This instrument for survey is made up of tons of questions from other state surveys and also some fresh questions. The question includes something about socio-demographic factors, physical activities and consumption of foods that has high fat, salt, sugar and MSG. The tactics of HEHA on creating a helpful setting also include questions regarding societal and environmental factors. The population’s estimate value will be copied for evaluating the multistage cluster sample by the standard methods. An examination will also be done to know the changes in health. In relation with the previous baseline, there will be a prepared national representative datasets. There are also programmes in schools that involve the HEHA strategy. An example of this is â€Å"The Fruit in Schools programme†. Its plan is to target lowest income decile schools. The students at the schools are supplied with a free quantity of fruit during school days. The schools that joined the programme are to carry out an entire school or society approach to make a supporting environment and should also supports healthy consumption, physical activities and smoke alcohol free. The schools should work in clusters to sustain itself in fruit provision in over three years. Here are some info’s of the programme; term four of 2005 phase one of Fruit in Schools programme was introduced to Sixty required schools in six District Health Boards (DHB), in term two of 2006 phase two went to fifty four schools more than a total of thirteen DHBs, in term four of 2006 phase three was rolled out to just about one hundred fifty six schools joined, covering all the twenty one DHBs. The entire number of schools that joined in all the phases is about two hundred seventy, and the total number of the children participating is approximately fifty six thousand. The New Zealand Council for Educational Research and Health Outcomes International is consistently evaluating the Fruit in Schools programme. The evaluation includes formative process and outcome components, Ministry of Health (2008). In conclusion, the HEHA strategy targets the communal and environmental factors, it supports healthy eating, living active or simply living healthy. It also has a lot of plans to promote health like the â€Å"NPAS† to know what the people want so the MOH can take action and â€Å"the fruit in school programme† which targets the children to take care of their health. REFERENCES Capital and Coast District Health Board. (2008). HEALTHY EATING HEALTHY ACTION: ORANGA KAI ORANGA PUMAU (MINISTRY APPROVED PLAN 2) from http://www.ccdhb.org.nz/initiatives/Heha/CCDHB%20HeHa%20PLan%2008_09Final.pdf Ministry of Health. (2004) TRACKING THE OBESITY EPIDEMIC: New Zealand 1977–2003. Wellington: Ministry of Health Ministry of Health. (2008). HEALTHY EATING – HEALTHY ACTION ORANGA KAI – ORANGA PUMAU: PROGRESS ON IMPLEMENTING THE HEHA STRATEGY 2008. Wellington: Ministry of Health. Ministry of Health. (2003). HEALTHY EATING – HEALTHY ACTION ORANGA KAI – ORANGA PUMAU:A STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK 2003 Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Health. Ministry of Health. (2008). A PORTRAIT OF HEALTH. KEY RESULTS OF THE 2006/07 NEW ZEALAND HEALTH SURVEY. Wellington: Ministry of Health OBESITY retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity OBESITY BY AGE 25 LINKED TO SEVERE LATE-LIFE OBESITY (2014) retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/276413.php Rachael M McLean, Janet A Hoek, Sue Buckley, Bronwyn Croxson, Jacqueline Cumming, Terry H Ehau, Ausaga Faasalele Tanuvasa, Margaret Johnston, Jim I Mann and Grant Schofield. (2009) BMC PUBLIC HEALTH, BioMed Central Ltd, New Zealand THE 2012/13 NEW ZEALAND HEALTH SURVEY retrieved from http://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/diseases-and-conditions/obesity TRACKING THE OBESITY OF EPIDEMIC (2004) retrived from http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/tracking-obesity-epidemic

Sociology Principles of College :: Sociology Essays

Sociology in Familiar Places: Expectations Norms are found in all societies. Colleges are subcultures. There is a specific way of doing things and all campuses are different. Everyone has expectations on how college life will be and the standards that come with it. â€Å"More than a wish or a hope, an expectation is something a student believes will happen, anticipates doing or experiencing. Expectations are grounded in a student's self-understanding and in knowledge about the college or university at which he or she plans to spend the next four years or more.† This superior justification of what a college student foresees by Robert Gonyea, really depicts what a scholar looks forward to in his or her college years. When expectations are applied to the student it is treated as a plan or a goal. However, when intended for the institution, it is looked upon as an obligation. There are so many ideas one thinks of when starting a new chapter in life. Some occasional deliberations include parties, freedom, higher workload, dating, and leaving the comfort zone of high school. In reality, many of these things don’t change, while others alter significantly. A typical expectation of the college life is more freedom in choice. Classes are taken upon his or her own schedule. Everyone, besides getting the general education out of the way, has a decision of what classes to take. Classes begin focusing on the career being pursued, rather than faculty and school regulations. The possibilities are endless in college. This is what created the saying, â€Å"You can be anything you want to be.† This has been said a million times and will be heard a million more. With this newfound freedom of choice comes responsibility. â€Å"Ditching class† has now become something of the past. Unlike high school, classes cost money. Paying for education makes it to where the people who actually want to be there will be, rather than idlers that are there only by force. No one cares if you skip class. Everything, including the grade, is up to the student. Although half the time, professors rarely even take role, missing one class can result in not understanding the newt two weeks worth of work or more. Choose to go to class or not, but if not, the student is paying to fail a class. Goals should be set to avoid skipping of classes. "To maximize learning and involvement during the first year of college, students need to set personal goals that are high enough so that they must try their best in classes and use campus resources to augment what they are learning in their classes.

Clinical Psychology OCD treatment and approaches Essay

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) has a cognitive-behavioral component that includes a distortion of an individual’s environment. OCD has similar components to many anxiety disorders. Anxiety is a result of a disrupted and dysfunctional thought patterns. Anxiety produces adverse reactions affecting the nervous system and an overload of stimulation. Research suggests a genetic predisposition and hormonal malfunction can contribute to an individual’s suffering from OCD. The obsessions of OCD are impulses an individual cannot control. The individual affected by OCD feels the only relief from the compulsions is to complete the rituals to relieve the anxiety. The behavioral components associated with obsessive thoughts and impulses produce ritualistic practices. The emotional components from a psychodynamic perspective have possible implications from early childhood with negative feelings associated with the relationships with his or her parents. Psychologists suggest the underlying condition later evolve into an OCD diagnosis (Hansell & Damour, 2008). There are four major approaches for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, family systems, and psychodynamic approaches are the four major therapy treatments. These approaches have different perceptions of methods for management. Each approach understands obsessive compulsive disorder as a disorder where an individual exhibits undesirable repetitive and anxiety producing behaviors and emotions followed by a compulsive behavior of repetitive rituals. The individuals affected by OCD believe the anxiety will be reduced by performing the ritual (Hansell & Damour, 2008). Cognitive-behavioral theory establishes the negative behaviors associated to an individual’s environment with positive or negative reinforcements and consequences for the actions. The individuals suffering from OCD respond and adjust to his or her behaviors associated with interaction received in his or her environment. Cognitive-behavioral theory with OCD associates the compulsive behavior of rituals that provide perceived relief from anxiety as produced by disturbing thoughts and impulses (Hansell & Damour, 2009). The approach facilitates a decrease and reduction in the anxiety as it associates with the reinforcement of the rituals. The cognitive behavioral approach focuses on changes in the way an individual responds to the stressor, changing the ritualistic response to the disturbing thoughts. The individual is asked to think about something disturbing to become anxious and not practice the usual ritualistic behavior as part of treatment (Cottraux, Yao, Lafont, Mollard, Bouvard, Sauteraud & Dartigues, 2001). The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is focused on the disruption of the ritualistic behavior and allows the individual to experience the anxiety without the ritual to develop coping skills and process the thoughts (Fisher & Wells, 2005). The process of obsessive thoughts and ritualistic behaviors is interrupted causing the behavior to discontinue negative reinforcement of the anxiety breaking the ritual patterns. Treating the individuals with strategies to deal with anxiety teaches self-efficacy when reaching the desired goals. The therapist should specialize in cognitive therapy for training and knowledge to assist the individual in treatment (Barlow, 2007). The focus of this approach is different from Humanistic approach and other approaches by teaching to interrupt the ritualistic behavior The Humanistic approach focuses on the existential assumptions that personal agency and free will are the idea of all individuals. The concepts to the theory are that individuals are basically good with innate desires to become better and make the world better. The humanistic approach emphasizes the self-worth of individuals and his or her values are of good nature. This approach is positive and optimistic theorizing the understanding that humans desire to be free of pain and despair. Maslow theorized personal growth as a primal human motive and personal growth are lifelong. The Humanistic perspective was very popular after World War I (Dombeck, 2006). This approach is less effective in treating OCD than other approaches. Humanism embraces the assumption of an individual is a cognitive aware being. The main principle of humanism argues other schools of therapy apply the approach as the therapy and treatment of the mental illness instead of the individuals actively participating in maintaining his or her emotional state (Plante, 2011). The goals of humanistic therapy for OCD is focused on recreating a positive and appropriate environment. The change in the individual’s environment assists him or her in development for evolving into mature healthy individuals. Psychological dysfunction with OCD is caused by a disruption in the development of individual’s maturity and social skills. The treatment enables the individuals to develop a natural environment and the abilities to live in a healthier environment and mental state. Humanistic therapy has the expectation of normalcy and that is the goal. This behavioral therapy encourages the replacement of bad behaviors with more appropriate ones. The positive replacement of problems assists with less anxiety and fear. Research has not proven the humanistic approach to an effective treatment for relieving the symptoms of OCD (Dombeck, 2006). Unlike the Family system approach that shows best results in treating OCD. Family systems approach consists of assistance from the therapist with the family in assessing the individual’s disorder. The goal is to improve the communication of the unit. There are several techniques applied to accomplish this including for example changing the perceptions of the family. Developing a rapport with the family assists the therapist in understanding the reasons the individuals became OCD with insight to the dynamics of the family unit. The therapist identifies the anxiety producing relationships between family members (Plante, 2011). Developing coping mechanisms to the symptoms of anxiety producing thoughts and ritualistic coping behavior is the main focus of treatment. The focus on reducing the symptoms of OCD of the individual includes comprehension and understanding of the anxiety and distress the individual experiences. Identifying the source of the anxiety producing stressors assists with establishing new avenues to relate to the family unit, interrupting the individual’s obsessive-compulsive behaviors (Zohar & Insel, 1987). The therapist attempts communication repair to re-establish healthy communication within the family and decrease any inaccurate assumptions by the family about the individual’s symptoms that increase the stressors that produce OCD symptoms. The approach focuses on disengaging dysfunctional family behaviors and establishes a better family relationship. The family unit contains the dysfunction that triggers OCD behaviors (Plante, 2011). Family therapy is an effective treatment in addition to other therapies as part of a multimodal treatment focused on emotional disorders however; the severe symptoms of OCD require combined therapies (Stein, 2002). History shows psychological treatment focused on the individual with the family unit as the cause of OCD symptoms and behaviors. Family members were not included in the individual’s therapy. The family members were not considered relevant to the recovery of the individual. Later psychological discipline family system approach was established and applied in clinical applications (Plante, 2011). Family systems therapy focuses on the inadequacies in the family unit. Family systems therapy is less efficient as a single therapy for the treatment of OCD therefore in combination with other therapies increases the successfulness of the treatment (Barlow, 2007). Psychodynamic therapy focuses on anxiety associated with unconscious emotional beliefs. Therapists apply basic psychodynamic techniques to anxiety disorders (Fisher & Wells, 2005). The individual and the therapist establish a relationship where the individual is encouraged to discuss openly the underlying reasons of the anxiety. Guided imagery is applied in the this approach. The therapist assists the individual to identify and understand his or her issues as a reaction to current and past issues. The psychodynamic approach assists to uncover unconscious reactions therefore the therapist assists in interpreting the individual’s thoughts, feelings, and dreams. The therapist assists the individual in identifying the unconscious motives to resolve the negative emotions. Identifying the causes of anxiety is effective with treating anxiety disorders. Psychodynamic therapy develops treatment goals (McLean, Whittal, Thordarson, Taylor, Sochting, Koch, Anderson, 2001). Severe cases of OCD are most effectively treated with a combined cognitive behavioral therapy and psychodynamic therapy in relieving the symptoms of OCD. Training psychodynamic clinicians to apply cognitive-behavioral techniques assist in a more successful treatment plan and successful treatment of individuals with OCD (Barlow, 2007). The major theoretical approaches of behavior assist psychologists with the understanding of mental disorders. Cognitive-behavioral approach focuses on measuring observable behavior by applying classical and operant conditioning to the individual’s behavior. The humanistic approach focuses on the individual’s ability to develop the skills to become a more active with growth oriented goals (Plante, 2011). The family systems approach explains OCD behaviors originate from the consequences of family dysfunction. The psychodynamic approach focuses on the unconscious influence of the individual’s lack of ability to develop healthy mental processes. Psychology assists in developing a healthy relationship in the unit relieving the individual of the symptoms of mental illness. All of the approaches have advantages in treating specific disorders; some are proven more effective with specific challenges and some perspectives. The combination of various perspectives in clinical psychology allows the therapist to apply therapies for a more successful change in the individual’s behaviors. Research and clinical practice assist in uncovering the various human behaviors making development of these approaches change to accommodate these new discoveries of mental disorders and the treatments (Plante, 2011). The path to healthy homeostasis of the mind requires proper treatment to balance mental health.

Garret Hobart - McKinleys Influential Vice President

Garret Hobart - McKinley's Influential Vice President Garret Augustus Hobart (June 3, 1844- November 21, 1899) served only two years, from 1897-1899 as President William McKinleys Vice President. However, in that time he proved himself to be quite influential in his role, advising McKinley to have Congress declare war on Spain and being the deciding vote to take the Philippines as a US territory at wars end. He became the sixth vice president to die while in office. During his time in office, however, he earned the moniker, Assistant President.   Early Years Garret Hobart was born to Sophia Vanderveer and Addison Willard Hobart on June 3, 1844 in Long Branch, New Jersey. His father had moved there to open a primary school. Hobart attended this school before going to boarding school and then graduating first from Rutgers University. He studied law under Socrates Tuttle and was admitted to the bar in 1866. He went on to marry Jennie Tuttle, his teachers daughter.   Rise as a State Politician Hobart quickly rose in the ranks of New Jersey politics. In fact, he became the first man to head both the New Jersey House of Representatives and the Senate. However, due to his extremely successful law career, Hobart had no desire to leave New Jersey to become involved in national politics in Washington, D.C. From 1880 to 1891, Hobart was the head of New Jerseys Republican Committee, advising the party on which candidates to put into office. He did, in fact, run for the US Senate a few times, but he never put his full effort into the campaign and did not succeed ​to the national scene.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ Nomination as Vice President In 1896, the Republican National Party decided that Hobart who was relatively unknown outside the state should join William McKinleys ticket for the presidency. However, Hobart according to his own words was not overjoyed with this prospect as it would mean having to leave his lucrative and comfortable life in New Jersey. McKinley ran and won on the platforms of the Gold Standard and a protective tariff against perennial candidate William Jennings Bryan.   Influential Vice President Once Hobart won the vice presidency, he and his wife quickly moved to Washington, D.C., and leased a home on Lafayette Square which would earn the nickname, the Little Cream White House. They entertained at the home quite often, taking over the traditional duties of the White House. Hobart and McKinley became fast friends, and Hobart began visiting the White House to advise the president quite frequently. In addition, Jennie Hobart helped take care of McKinleys wife who was an invalid.   Hobart and the Spanish-American War When the USS Maine was sunk in Havana Harbor and trough the poison pen of yellow journalism, Spain was quickly laid to blame, Hobart found that the Senate over which he presided quickly turned to talk of war. President McKinley had tried to be cautious and moderate in his approach with Spain after the incident. However, when it became apparent to Hobart that the Senate was prepared to move against Spain without McKinleys involvement, he convinced the president to take the lead in the fight and ask Congress to declare war. He also presided over the Senate when it ratified the Treaty of Paris at the end of the Spanish-American War. One of the provisions of the treaty gave America control over the Philippines. There was a proposal in Congress that the territory be given its independence. However, when this ended in a tied vote, Hobart cast the deciding vote to keep the Philippines as a US territory.   Death Throughout 1899, Hobart suffered from fainting spells related to heart problems. He knew the end was coming and actually announced that he retired from public life in early November. On November 21, 1899, he passed away at home in Paterson, New Jersey. President McKinley attended Hobarts funeral, a man he considered a personal friend. New Jersey also went into a period of mourning to commemorate Hobarts life and contribution to the state.   Legacy Hobarts name is not widely recognized today. However, he was quite influential during his time as vice president and showed what power could be exerted from that position if the president chooses to rely on their advice.

Free Essays on A Midsummer Night’s Dream

Loves Misfortunes A Midsummer Night’s Dream, is a romantic comedy written by William Shakespeare. It deals with the feelings of love and marriage as well as the laws and social order of the time. The story contains fairies and other mystical creatures who take it upon themselves to guide the mortals in the directions they think necessary. This leads to many hilarious situations and misfortunes for the humans. There are many characters in the play and, for the most part, each one is in love with one of the other characters. The play starts with Theseus, the Duke of Athens, proposing to Hippolyta, the queen of the Amazons. This is the only couple throughout the play who seem to never waver in their love for each other. These two seem to have a perfect love for each other, much like the love Hermia and Lysander have for each other before the fairies intervene. The other couple in the story that are of royal blood are Oberon, the king of the fairies, and Titania, the queen of the fairies. These two are having a lovers quarrel which has sent the seasons out of order and caused great disorder. Oberon is in love with Hoppolyta and Titania is in love with Theseus. Their lovers quarrels provide much of the comedy in the play. The other four characters caught in love triangles are Lysander and Hermia, who are in love with each other, Demetrius who loves Hermia, and Helena who loves Demetrius. Lysander and Hermia wish to marry each other but Hermia’s father, Egeus, will not allow it. Egeus wishes his daughter to marry Demetrius so he brings the matter to the attention of the king in hope that the law will be enforced. The law states that Hermia must marry whomever her father chooses or be put to death or live the rest of her life as a nun. She is given until the next full moon to decide. Lysander suggests to Hermia that they run away into the woods together. This is where the rest of the play takes place. Lysander and Hermia fl... Free Essays on A Midsummer Night’s Dream Free Essays on A Midsummer Night’s Dream Loves Misfortunes A Midsummer Night’s Dream, is a romantic comedy written by William Shakespeare. It deals with the feelings of love and marriage as well as the laws and social order of the time. The story contains fairies and other mystical creatures who take it upon themselves to guide the mortals in the directions they think necessary. This leads to many hilarious situations and misfortunes for the humans. There are many characters in the play and, for the most part, each one is in love with one of the other characters. The play starts with Theseus, the Duke of Athens, proposing to Hippolyta, the queen of the Amazons. This is the only couple throughout the play who seem to never waver in their love for each other. These two seem to have a perfect love for each other, much like the love Hermia and Lysander have for each other before the fairies intervene. The other couple in the story that are of royal blood are Oberon, the king of the fairies, and Titania, the queen of the fairies. These two are having a lovers quarrel which has sent the seasons out of order and caused great disorder. Oberon is in love with Hoppolyta and Titania is in love with Theseus. Their lovers quarrels provide much of the comedy in the play. The other four characters caught in love triangles are Lysander and Hermia, who are in love with each other, Demetrius who loves Hermia, and Helena who loves Demetrius. Lysander and Hermia wish to marry each other but Hermia’s father, Egeus, will not allow it. Egeus wishes his daughter to marry Demetrius so he brings the matter to the attention of the king in hope that the law will be enforced. The law states that Hermia must marry whomever her father chooses or be put to death or live the rest of her life as a nun. She is given until the next full moon to decide. Lysander suggests to Hermia that they run away into the woods together. This is where the rest of the play takes place. Lysander and Hermia fl...

Antitrust Practices and Market Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Antitrust Practices and Market Power - Essay Example The antitrust investigation against Google by Federal Trade Commission (FTC) followed complaints from competing search engines. They claimed that Google had monopolized the search business and online advertising, making it difficult for them to compete. Other search engine claimed that Google had made it hard for new entrants to find their way into the markets and industries that Google had already established operations. The Federal Trade Commission, which prohibits unfair methods of competition and deceptive practices (Areeda & Hovenkamp, 2011), came in to investigate Google’s antitrust behavior. Although FTC finally closed the investigation against Google without filling any lawsuits, antitrust behavior comes at a cost to the company. Google had to prove its case that it was not engaging in antitrust practices. This drew company resources into the investigation, resources that could have been directed to other company developments. Most importantly, unfair and illegal business activities often taint company image and consumer loyalty. This could eventually mark a devastating turning point for the company. Investigation into Google’s antitrust behavior was undertaken within the relevant legal framework. The applicable legal provisions included the Sherman Act (1890), Clayton Act (1914), and Federal Trade Commission Act (1914) (Posner, 2001). Under the Sherman Act, Google was investigated for the monopolization claims by other search engines. In the light of Clayton Act, the company’s exclusive dealings were put on the spot. Finally, the FTC Act encompasses unfair and anticompetitive practices for which Google was being investigated. Perfect competition, monopoly, and oligopoly market structures influence competition differently (Federico, 2009). These market structures determine whether or not there are barriers to entry into any given market

Write book review on Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep Essay

Write book review on Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep - Essay Example According to the book, the anticipated World War III will have killed millions of people and sending mankind away from the planet and forced several animal species into extinction. People who remained coveted any existing living creature (Dick 34). People who could not afford living creatures sought help from companies that manufactured them. Some companies manufacture even human beings referred to as Androids. The government does not want androids and want them all killed. People like Rick are employers whose work is to kill all androids that come their way. Androids, fearing that they may be killed, blended well into the human society. It is undisputable that Dick’s work is classic and fits well in the stated genre. The book works on several pressing concerns for humanity. It is heavily characterized with drama and several popular philosophical questions. For instance, the book answers the question on how the world will come to an end. The novel has excellent character development with proper plot and thematic enhancement. The story makes intense observation and analysis of the nature of religion, life, human condition and